BlenderWorkshopIMALAugust2017 date and time
Own objectives
- integration with WebXR (import/export)
- work with existing models from the WebVR or exported from in VR modelling tools
Attended activities
Taught by François Zajéga
middle click to move camera
Shift to translate, Ctrl to zoom
- xyz/rgb (like in GLSL) for axis
- use 3D cursor to position objects
- Global vs Local coordinates, important for transformations especially scale
- cube and other primitives default of 2 units
- y/z switched compared to threejs/AFrame
- in transform possibility to select multiple fields and change value in all
- 3D view shortcuts
- selection
- select/deselect all objects both in 3D view and Outliner using
a
- rectangular selection
b
left click to add, middle click to remove, right click to confirm
- circle selection
c
zoom to grow the selection radius
left click to add, middle click to remove, right click to confirm
- lasso selection
Ctrl + left click
- occlude or not geometry to select through
select more to grow selection
- inverse
Ctrl+i
- modifier
- translate
g
- rotate
r
- scale
s
- constraints
- limit to global axis
x/y/z after any modifier
- limit to local axis
xx/yy/zz after any modifier
- move 3D cursor or selection to centre, 3D cursor, etc
Shft+s
- extrude
e
- limit to global axis
x/y/z after any modifier
tab to switch back and forth between Object mode and Edit mode
- Object Mode equivalent to simple matrix transformations
- Edit Mode to edit vertices
- merge vertices
Alt+m
- scale a selection to 0 with constraint to z allows to align on that axis
- proportional editing to spread the transformation to nearby vertices
- hide the current selection
h
- to show back the hidden vertices
Alt+h
- move 3D cursor to target centre of object (for animation)
- can use
Shitf+s for that for centre of selection
Object > Transform > Origin to 3D cursor
- Knife @k@ to cut a face
- bezier curve
- same manipulation
- subdividing to make it more complex
- use layers to work at origin
Shift+click on several layers to display them simultaneously
m to move selection to a target layer
- group
- select linked vertices
Ctrl+l
- create group then assign it
- fixing normals
- if a face is dark blue rather than light grey
- Mesh display > Normals > Face normals > 1.0 size
- if problematic Mesh > Normals > Recalculate Outside
- 360 rendering
- result
Back to the Menu
- knife
- cut through
Shift+k
- cut along a axis
c
- duplicate the selection
Shift+d (just like to duplicate an object)
- alternatively
- Edit Mode on a cylinder, sphere, etc Loop cut and slide tool allow to cut in multiple places and with smoothness
- select "neighbours" edges
Ctrl++ to add vertices
- select 2 vertices then select next one using @Ctrl+Shift++@
- select 3 vertices > Select > Edge loops
- snapping
- toggle on/off using
Shift+Tab
- on grid, on vertices, faces, etc
- adding a primitive in Edit Mode adds it to the current object
- moving between layers
0123456789
- Modifiers
- rules
- can be compounded
- order matters
- good habit to duplicate in another layer before applying
- exporters support Modifiers application
- can be applied to only a Vertex Group
- Array to repeat an object
- uses a reference until the modifier is applied
- once applied possible to use in Edit mode and modify all vertices
- Fit to curve
- Apply an array-ed segment (e.g. cyclinder) to curve (e.g. Bezier curve)
- Fill Holes can be useful it spacing left after Array modifier
- Lattice to deform linked to a controlling cube
- Mirror to work on half the object
- Sculpt mode
- enable dynamic topology to automatically add faces
- specify Matcap to have target shading while sculpting
- result
Back to the Menu
Back to the Menu
More Modifiers and Scripting (Thursday)
- Modifier Mesh Deform to go further than Lattice modifier
- add bounding cube
- in the Object > Display > Maximum Draw Type: Wire
- to avoid hiding the modified object
- bind then wait, takes time
- change the vertices of the modifier
- Apply as Shape Keys
- repeat if need be
- find Shapes Keys in Object data
- UV Map
- xyz are coordinates in the 3D world
- w was already taken
- uv as coordinates in the 2D space of the texture
- UV/Image editor to display the map
- Edit Mode > Mesh > UV Unwrap > Smart UV Unwrap
- Image > New image > Generated Type: UV grid
- Easier to first sort the bits in the map and color them roughly and brightly, only if it does fit well then editing the target image
- Select edges -> Mesh > Edges > Mark Seam
- added texture
- possibility to select a Normal map
Ctrl+up to expand current view, Ctrl+down to restore
- Scripting
- pull down the top Panel to display the log, showing function with parameters as result of actions
bpy.context.scene.objects.active at the last modified or created object selected
- Text Editor
- set syntax highlighting, line number, ...
print() result in the terminal used to start Blender
Alt+p to run script
- saved content in the .blend file
- interactive console, open with
Shfit+F4
Ctrl+space to auto complete
- Outliner
- Data-Blocks to display data
- on interface
Right click to get Copy Python Command then be able to paste in the editor
- animation
- Timeline
- insert a key frame by selecting the right moment, hovering over a value (e.g. location) then
i and changing that value
- can be applied over multiple values e.g. location and scale
- right click on the value at the keyframe > Delete Keyframe
- right click on the value at the keyframe > Insert Single Keyframe (to avoid having all values)
- Graph Editor
- rescale axis using its sides per object
- select all points > Key > Interpolation Mode > Linear
- using Empty object as pivot
- Outliners
- possible to display only objects in visible layers
- headless
- blender -b -P myscript.py
- result
Back to the Menu
3D Printing, Rendering and more (Friday)
- 3D printing
- Rendering
- displaying from the camera point of view
Numpad 0
- show the last render UV/Image Editor
- can assign different render per slot in order to quickly compare
- using 0123456789 allows to quickly jump from one to another
- use
Lock Camera to View to be able to move the view in camera point of view and have the camera be moved accordingly
- importance and problems of clipping
- depth of field
- can attach an empty object to the camera and link the Depth of field target to it
- resolution by default is only at 50%, easier for quasi preview
- modifier World to change sky color, myst, ...
- for video set up your animation then test using AVI RAW for faster test
- can also encode using other tools later e.g. ffmpeg
- mixing Blender files with Append
Shift+F1
- possibility to use Link instead to use a reference rather than a copy
- Skinning & Rigging
- create object with enough vertices to bend
- add Armature
- Extrude to add another bone
- which is a Deform Modifier
- can use X-ray
- Object > Parent
Ctrl+p > With automatic weight
- use Weight Paint to restrict to a smaller (or bigger) section
- use Pose to move the bones
- similar result possible solely using hierarchy only for non organic object
- for those with a "skin" that has to be deformed a proper rigging system with bones and skins is required
- to get rigged characters see http://www.makehuman.org
- result
Back to the Menu
Overall remarks and conclusions
- meet him
- could be improved by doing that
- see also that other event
Back to the Menu
Other reviews or coverage
To do
- check MarmosetView to see layers
- check computerphile https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdyvizaygyY
- write blog post for A-Frame/WebVR usage (could follow a model like http://viruspatterns.com )
- cf Blender
- LoD batch decimate based on earlier script
- http://vatelier.benetou.fr/MyDemo/AdaptiveScalingFromBatchGeometries/
- export to AFrame? generate placeholder HTML + export to glTF and include it
Fabien Benetou's PIM
